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Zaključak

Gojaznost je gorući problem koji poprima epidemijske razmere širom sveta. Lečenju gojaznosti
mora se pristupiti multidisciplinarno, što podrazumeva učešće nutricionista, endokrinologa, hirurga,
anesteziologa i drugih specijalnosti, uključujući i psihijatre i psihologe. Prvi korak u lečenju je
promena životnog stila, što se pre svega odnosi na povećanje fizičke aktivnosti i promenu navika u
ishrani. Dijete se moraju sprovoditi strogo kontrolisano, što uključuje i hospitalnu primenu dijeta,

uz istovremenu brigu o prisutnim komorbiditetima koji su često direktna posledica gojaznosti. Od
udruženih bolesti najčešći je dijabetes melitus tip 2, a vrlo često su prisutni i opstruktivna slip apneja,
hipertenzija, koronarna bolest, gastroezofagealna refluksna bolest i mnoge druge.

Hirurško lečenje gojaznosti se sprovodi po strogo utvrđenim indikacijama i uz obaveznu prethodnu
redukciju telesne mase dijetom. Preporučene hirurške tehnike su minimalno invazivne - endoskopske
procedure, među kojima su najznačajnije Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy i Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y
Gastric Bypass. Redukcija telesne mase daje povoljne efekte na metaboličke i druge komorbiditete i
dovodi do popravljanja opšteg telesnog i mentalnog zdravlja.

Abstract

Obesity occurs when nutrient intake exceeds consumption. Obesity, especially extreme obesity, is a major health problem
because it implies the presence of metabolic disorders and other comorbidities, which seriously impair the functioning of
individuals and society as a whole, due to the epidemic proportions of this disorder in developed countries of the world.
The treatment of extreme obesity implies great motivation of patients and the participation of a multidisciplinary team
to achieve good results and simultaneously improve associated diseases, which are most often a direct consequence
of obesity. Surgical treatment of obesity (bariatric/metabolic surgery) is taking an increasingly important place, with
mandatory prior implementation of a medically controlled diet and a lifestyle change, which implies an increase in physical
activity and a change in eating habits. Modern surgical techniques in bariatric surgery are minimally invasive - endoscopic.
They can be restrictive, malabsorptive, and combined, and the most commonly performed are Laparoscopic Sleeve
Gastrectomy and Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Surgical treatment of obesity also gives good long-term results
and beneficial effects on metabolic disorders and other comorbidities with minimal risk of postoperative complications.

Keywords: obesity, multidisciplinary treatment, bariatric surgery, surgical techniques, postoperative complications

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REVIJALNI RADOVI Galenika Medical Journal, 2024; 3(12):59-64. 63