Page 29 - GALENIKA MEDICAL JOURNAL

Malariju izaziva protozoa iz roda Plasmodium . Prenose žuticom. Bolest se dijagnostikuje direktnim pregledom peri-
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je komarci iz roda Anopheles koji se mogu naći i u Evropi ferne krvi, a leči se antimalaricima . Smrtnost može biti veli-
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(ovo uključuje i Srbiju). Potencijal malarije da ponovo uspo- ka ako se bolest ne prepozna i ne leči na vreme . U upotrebi
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stavi endemitet u Evropi potvrđen je u Grčkoj 2011. godine, su dve vakcine - RTS,S/AS01 i R21/Matrix-M 39, 40 .
kada je došlo do epidemije malarije. U najmanju ruku, ma-
larija je kraljica tropskih bolesti i o njoj treba razmišljati kod U Srbiji momentalno postoje vektori i rezervoari za virus
svakog pacijenta koji je u protekloj deceniji boravio u ma- japanskog encefalitisa, Mari Veli encefalitis virusa, Sent Luis
laričnom području . Bolest se manifestuje paroksizmima encefalitis virusa, uzročnika Ros River grozice, Venecuelan-
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visoke temperature praćene drhtavicom, kao i hepatosple- skog, zapadnog i istočnog konjskog encefalitisa, kao i vek-
nomegalijom, anemijom, a u uznapredovaloj bolesti i laktič- tor žute groznice.
nom acidozom, poremećajem svesti, bubrežnom slabošću i

Zaključak

Hronični bolesnici i starije osobe moraju preduzeti sve bihevioralne i farmakološke mere prevencije
bolesti koje prenose komarci u našoj zemlji (prevashodno WNV infekcije). Kod svih neuroinfekcija
i sindroma ospe i artraglije/artritisa (naročito u letnjim mesecima) treba razmatrati infekte koje

prenose komarci. Konačno, potrebno je održavati visok stepen vigilnosti za moguće ponovno ili novo
uspostavljanje autohtone transmisije brojnih smrtonosnih bolesti koje prenose komarci. Ovo je od
presudnog nacionalnog i nadnacionalnog značaja.

Abstract

Mosquitoes are ubiquitous arthropods from the order Diptera and are related to flies. They can be found worldwide except
at high latitudes and elevations, as well as during the colder seasons in moderate climates. They can be ectoparasites
of practically all vertebrates including humans. Culex pipiens (most common), Culex modestus, Aedes albopictus, Aedes
japonicum, Aedes vexans, Aedes cinnereus, Anopheles plumbeus and Anopheles maculipennis complex have all been
detected in Serbia. These mosquitoes are vectors for numerous

infections including West Nile fever, dirofilariasis, Eastern equine encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Rift Valley fever,
malaria, dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, zika and usutuviral, Bataviral, Tahynaviral and Sindbisviral infections.

The most common mosquito-borne infection in our country is West Nile fever. This infection can be complicated by the
development of encephalitis with a lethality as high as 14% and relatively common neurologic deficits. All patients with an
infection of the central nervous system, a rash and arthralgia/arthritis (especially during the summer

months) should be evaluated for mosquito-borne pathogens. Patients with chronic conditions and the elderly should take
precautions to prevent mosquito-borne diseases. Remaining vigilant for the establishment of autochthonous transmission
of deadly mosquito-borne pathogens (e.g. malaria) is of vital importance.

Keywords: insect vectors, arbovirus infections, West Nile fever, malaria, dengue

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